H2可以作为o-H2和p-H2的混合物处理吗? —兼释H2的残余熵

本文阐述了H_2不能作为正氢和仲氢的混合物处理的理由,提出了从光谱熵的定义出发解释H_2的残余熵的方法。     

大连“7·16”油库爆炸火灾扑救难点及经验启示

大连＂7.16＂油库爆炸火灾事故是我国多年来极为少见的大型恶性石化企业安全生产事故,这起火灾之所以危险程度高、处置难度大是由其特点及难点决定的。通过对这起爆炸火灾事故特点及难点的详尽分析,论述了此次事故成功处置的关键环节和经验,提出了启示,对消防部队处置此类灾害事故具有一定的借鉴作用。     

长贮过程中发动机HTPB推进剂老化机理分析

为揭示固体推进剂在长期贮存过程中的老化机理,解剖了自然贮存19年贴壁浇注的端羟基聚丁二烯橡胶推进剂装药发动机,沿着药柱径向不同位置进行了取样,并采用扫描电镜、能量色散X射线光谱仪、红外吸收光谱、交联密度等多种手段对这些样品进行了测试分析。研究发现：贴壁浇注发动机药柱不同位置推进剂的老化程度不尽相同,越靠近非金属壳体位置,推进剂的老化程度越严重。进一步深入分析表明：除了丁羟胶中双键的氧化断链和端羟基的缩合等影响推进剂老化,铝粉氧化产生的铝离子会催化丁羟胶双键与氯气或水发生加成反应生成■双键和仲醇,而铝离子迁移和分布的不均匀会引起药柱老化的不均匀性。研究结果对推进剂配方设计和防老化措施的研究具有重要意义。     

The investigation of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives and its safety performance

3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is the main component of insensitive munitions (IM) formulation because of its outstanding insensitive properties.In this paper,a series of NTO/HMX-based composite explosives were prepared and characterized.The study focuses on the effect of NTO on the performance of the formulations,especially the safety performance.The results revealed that the mechanical sensi-tivity of formulations was associated with NTO content,as well as the thermal conductivity,specific heat capacity and Arrhenius parameters.Then,the high amount of NTO using in formulation was proved to be helpful for NTO/HMX-based formulation to exhibit good thermal safety.Besides,by accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and a modified cook-offequipment,the pressure and pressure rise rate were proved as the important indicator for judging the thermal safety performance in confined spaces.Finally,the numerical simulation was used as a credible method for predicting the respond temperature of cook-off experiment.     

Numerical simulation of base flow with hot base bleed for two jet models

In order to improve the benefits of base bleed in base flow field, the base flow with hot base bleed for two jet models is studied. Two-dimensional axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations are computed by using a finite volume scheme. The base flow of a cylinder afterbody with base bleed is simulated. The simulation results are validated with the experimental data, and the experimental results are well reproduced. On this basis, the base flow fields with base bleed for a circular jet model and an annulus jet model are investigated by selecting the injection temperature from 830 K to 2200 K. The results show that the base pressure of the annular jet model is higher than that of the circular jet model with the changes of the injection parameter and the injection temperature. For the circular jet model, the hot gases are concentrated in the vicinity of the base. For the annular jet model, the bleed gases flow into the shear layer directly so that the hot gases are concentrated in the shear layer. The latter temperature distribution is better for the increase of base pressure.     

Study of simple plane wave generator with an air-metal barrier

Plane wave generators (PWGs) are used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocities with their generated plane waves, which are widely used in the test of dynamic properties of materials. The traditional PWG is composed of two explosives with different detonation velocities. It is difficult to implement the related fabrication processes and control the generated waves due to its complicated structures. A simple plane wave generator is presented in this paper, which is composed of two identical cylindrical high explosive (HE) charges and an air-metal barrier. A theoretical model was established based on two different paths of the propagation of detonation waves, based on which the size of air-metal barrier was calculated for a given charge. The corresponding numerical simulations were also carried out by AUTODYN-2D^® based on the calculated results, which were used to compare with the theoretical calculations. A detonation wave with a flatness of 0.039 μs within the range of 70-percent diameter of the main charge was obtained through the simulations.     

氦原子1S, 3S, 1P, 3P态的电子关联计算

本文从二次量子化公式出发,选取广义Laguerre多项式乘以γ~lcxp(-alγ)作为单电子径向函数完全集,这里a_l是依赖于轨道角动量l的变分参数,用组态相互作用方法计算了氨原子~1S,~3S,~1P,~3P态的能量和波函数。当组态限于主量子数n≤4,计算的能量相对精度约为99.9%;当组态限于%≤6,能量相对精度约为99.99%;而Hartree Fock方法的能量相对精度约为99%,利用原子波函数计算了一些原子参数,其结果与其他作者的结果符合很好。     

电磁辐射对桥丝式电火工品性能影响研究

利用传导方法研究射频对桥丝式电火工品的桥丝电阻、烤爆、迟发火以及瞎火等性能影响。研究结果表明,在10％发火功率和0．4MHz的敏感频率条件下,所研究的3种电火工品在照射1～5min后,电阻增加1.2％～7．4％,并且17．3％的试样在照射的过程中出现了烤爆;在对经过照射后的试样进行正常的发火感度试验中,发火时间显著增加,出现了不同程度的迟发火,16．9％的试样瞎火。     

Numerical investigation of the shockwave overpressure fields of multi-sources FAE explosions

Shockwaves from fuel-air explosive (FAE) cloud explosions may cause significant casualties. The ground overpressure field is usually used to evaluate the damage range of explosion shockwaves. In this paper, a finite element model of multi-sources FAE explosion is established to simulate the process of multiple shockwaves propagation and interaction. The model is verified with the experimental data of a fourfold-source FAE explosion, with the total fuel mass of 340 kg. Simulation results show that the overpressure fields of multi-sources FAE explosions are different from that of the single-source. In the case of multi-sources, the overpressure fields are influenced significantly by source scattering distance and source number. Subsequently, damage ranges of overpressure under three different levels are calculated. Within a suitable source scattering distance, the damage range of multi-sources situation is greater than that of the single-source, under the same amount of total fuel mass. This research provides a basis for personnel shockwave protection from multi-sources FAE explosion.     

Increasing of photostability of HNS explosive in the presence of UV photostabilizers

The photostabilies of hexanitrostillbene(HNS)were studied at 1％wt.of photostabilizers.The photo-stabilizers of Chiguard BP-12(UV-531),ADK STAB LA-326(UV-326),ADK STAB LA-32(UV-P),Irganox 1010 and Everstab LS944 were used in this study.A photoreactor including a 30 W monochromatic UV lamp was used for investigation of photodegradations of solid HNS.The changes in surface area of HNS peak in HPLC chromatogram at time intervals of 2,4,6 and 8 h were used for calculation of kinetic rate constants of photodegradation process.The compound of UV-P photostabilizer was found to have the greatest effect on enhancing photostability for HNS among the investigated photostabilizers.The kinetic rate constants were obtained 6.2 × 10-2 and 4.1 × 10-2 h-1,respectively,for photodegradation process of HNS in absence and in presence of UV-P.